Water resistance is one of the most misunderstood features of watches, yet it is also one of the most crucial. Whether you’re diving into the ocean, washing your hands, or getting caught in the rain, knowing your watch’s limits when it comes to water exposure can make all the difference in its lifespan and performance. Over the years, a variety of myths and misconceptions have developed around what it means for a watch to be “waterproof.” This article will explore what actually makes a watch water-resistant, debunk some common myths, and help you understand how to keep your watch protected from water damage.
The Reality of “Waterproof” Watches
First and foremost, it’s important to understand that no watch is truly waterproof. The term “waterproof” implies that a watch can withstand any exposure to water, under any conditions, without failure. However, no watch manufacturer can guarantee absolute impermeability, particularly as watches age and seals degrade. For this reason, watch brands now use the term water-resistant instead.
Water resistance is rated in meters or atmospheres (ATM), which indicates the watch’s ability to withstand pressure under specific conditions. The ratings, however, can be misleading to the average consumer, as they are based on laboratory tests and ideal conditions that are rarely replicated in real-life scenarios. For example, a watch rated to 30 meters is not designed for swimming, despite what the number might imply.
How Water Resistance is Achieved
To make a watch water-resistant, manufacturers employ several techniques and components to prevent water ingress:
1. Gaskets and Seals
Gaskets, typically made of rubber, silicone, or Teflon, are one of the primary defenses against water entering the watch. These gaskets are positioned around the crystal, the case back, and the crown to create a tight seal. They work by compressing and forming a barrier that prevents water from penetrating the case.
With time, gaskets can degrade, crack, or become less effective due to exposure to sweat, saltwater, or chemicals. Therefore, it’s recommended to have a watch’s gaskets checked and replaced periodically, especially for watches that are frequently exposed to water.
2. Screw-Down Crown
The crown—the small knob used to set the time and date—is one of the most vulnerable points for water ingress. To address this, many water-resistant watches are equipped with a screw-down crown. This mechanism involves screwing the crown into the case, which creates a tight seal and prevents water from entering.
Watches with screw-down crowns often have higher water resistance ratings and are suitable for more rigorous underwater activities. It’s essential to ensure that the crown is fully screwed in before any exposure to water, as leaving it unscrewed will compromise the watch’s water resistance.
3. Case Back Design
The case back, or the rear side of the watch, can also be a point of entry for water. Water-resistant watches often have screw-down case backs that provide a more secure seal than snap-on case backs. The threaded design allows for a higher pressure tolerance, which is particularly important for dive watches. Some high-end dive watches even feature a helium escape valve, a specialized component that prevents the watch crystal from popping off during deep dives due to helium buildup.
Understanding Water Resistance Ratings
Water resistance ratings are often misunderstood, leading to some unfortunate accidents with watches that were exposed to more water than they could handle. Below is a breakdown of what the most common ratings actually mean:
- 30 Meters / 3 ATM: This rating means the watch is resistant to splashes of water but is not suitable for submersion. Activities like washing your hands or getting caught in a light rain are fine, but swimming is not recommended.
- 50 Meters / 5 ATM: A watch rated to 50 meters can handle light swimming in shallow water, such as a pool. However, it is not designed for snorkeling, diving, or extended periods underwater.
- 100 Meters / 10 ATM: A rating of 100 meters indicates the watch is suitable for swimming and snorkeling. It’s a good option for recreational water activities but still not designed for deep diving.
- 200 Meters / 20 ATM and Above: Watches with these ratings are appropriate for scuba diving. Dive watches typically start at 200 meters, and they include extra features like screw-down crowns, rotating bezels for tracking dive time, and highly luminous markers.
- 300 Meters and Beyond: Professional dive watches, such as those used by commercial divers, offer even greater water resistance, often up to 300 meters or more. These watches are equipped to withstand the pressures of deep-sea diving and may include features like a helium escape valve.
Myths About Water Resistance
Despite clear labeling, there are many misconceptions about what it means for a watch to be water-resistant. Let’s debunk some of the most common myths.
Myth 1: A 30-Meter Water-Resistant Watch Can Be Worn for Swimming
One of the most persistent myths is that a watch with a water resistance rating of 30 meters can be worn while swimming. In reality, this rating means the watch can handle light splashes or accidental exposure to water, but it’s not meant for submersion. The 30-meter rating is derived from lab tests where the watch is placed in still water under ideal conditions. Swimming, however, creates pressure due to movement, which can easily exceed the rating.
Myth 2: Water Resistance is Permanent
Water resistance is not a permanent feature. The gaskets, seals, and other components that keep water out degrade over time, especially with frequent exposure to water, heat, and chemicals like chlorine or soap. It’s advisable to have your watch tested annually for water resistance, particularly if you regularly expose it to water. Regular maintenance helps ensure that the seals are in good condition.
Myth 3: If It’s a Dive Watch, It’s Invincible
While dive watches are designed for underwater use, they are not invincible. Even dive watches require regular maintenance to stay water-resistant. The seals around the crown, crystal, and case back must be periodically replaced to maintain their integrity. In addition, sudden changes in temperature, such as moving from a hot tub to cold ocean water, can cause the metal components to expand or contract, potentially compromising the water resistance.
How to Protect Your Watch from Water Damage
Understanding how to properly care for your watch can go a long way in preventing water damage. Here are some practical tips to help keep your watch water-resistant and functioning well:
1. Always Check the Crown
Before exposing your watch to water, make sure the crown is fully secured. Whether it’s a screw-down crown or a push-pull crown, leaving it in an open or unscrewed position will significantly increase the risk of water damage.
2. Avoid Hot Water
Avoid exposing your watch to hot water, such as in showers, hot tubs, or saunas. The heat can cause the gaskets to expand and lose their effectiveness, compromising the watch’s water resistance. Additionally, steam can penetrate the watch and cause condensation on the inside of the crystal.
3. Rinse After Exposure to Saltwater
Saltwater can be particularly harsh on watches, leading to corrosion and degradation of the seals. After wearing a watch in the ocean, always rinse it with fresh water to remove salt residue and help maintain the integrity of the water-resistant components.
4. Regular Maintenance
Just like any other precision instrument, watches require regular servicing to maintain their water resistance. Most watchmakers recommend having a watch pressure-tested annually, especially if you use it for swimming or diving. Regular gasket replacement is also key to maintaining a reliable water-resistant seal.
Choosing the Right Watch for Water Activities
If you’re in the market for a watch to use during water activities, it’s crucial to choose one that matches your needs. Dive watches are purpose-built for underwater use and are rated to at least 200 meters, making them a reliable choice for swimming, snorkeling, and diving. Look for features such as:
- ISO Certification: Dive watches that are ISO 6425 certified meet rigorous standards for water resistance, visibility, shock resistance, and anti-magnetism, ensuring they are up to the task of underwater exploration.
- Screw-Down Crown: A screw-down crown provides an added layer of protection, ensuring that water doesn’t enter the case during submersion.
- Rotating Bezel: A unidirectional rotating bezel is a hallmark of dive watches, allowing divers to track their underwater time easily.
For those who need a watch for occasional swimming or water sports, a model rated to 100 meters will suffice. However, remember that while these watches can handle submersion, they’re not designed for deep diving or extended periods underwater.
The Takeaway on Water Resistance
Water resistance is a valuable feature that allows you to wear your watch in a variety of conditions without worry. However, understanding the limits of your watch’s water resistance and properly maintaining it are essential to avoid water damage. Remember that no watch is truly waterproof, and regular maintenance is key to ensuring that your watch can stand up to the elements. By understanding the myths and facts about water resistance, you can better protect your timepiece and ensure it continues to function beautifully for years to come.
